THE WORLD'S LARGEST SOLAR PARK TO BE BUILT IN UPINGTON
It's uplifting to see that the South African government is embracing the use of renewable energy to contribute towards and supplement the country's electricity supply. In a R150-billion project, the government will partner with Eskom and the Clinton Climate Change Initiative (CCI) as well as private investors to bring the world's largest solar park to Upington in the Northern Cape.
WHAT IS A SOLAR PARK?
A solar park is a whole area (in this instance thousands of hectares) made up of clusters of solar plants, which will generate multiple gigawatts (or thousands of megawatts) of electricity from the sun. There will be two methods of electricity generation - both solar photovoltaic and concentrating photovoltaic. Solar photovoltaic electricity generation directly converts the sun's rays into electricity without the need for electricity storage. Concentrating photovoltaic, on the other hand, can be stored because this method of power generation captures the UV rays as heat and the resulting steam is used to power turbines, which create electricity. Both methods will feed electricity to South Africa's national grid and supplement the existing non-renewable energy plants.
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS?
Aside from the direct benefits of an additional source of electricity being supplied to the national grid, the nine-year building plan for the solar park will create thousands of jobs and also provide a lucrative investment opportunity for both local and international private-sector investors. The solar park will also help to develop local industry in Upington, all the while supplying a much cleaner and far more secure power supply to the national grid.
WHY IS THE PARK BEING BUILT IN THE NORTHERN CAPE?
Ira Magaziner, the technical advisor for the Clinton Climate Change Initiative says that the Northern Cape Province in South Africa was identified as the ideal location for the world's largest solar park because the levels of solar radiation are better there than anywhere else in the world. That coupled with the large segments of flat, unpopulated land owned by the government and available for use, as well as the reliable water supply from the Orange River make Upington the ideal spot for the solar park. The sun can be accessed for 12 months of the year and there are no geological risks like earthquakes, or meteorological risks like tornados and hurricanes. Magaziner also points towards the affordable labour costs in South Africa compared to those in the deserts in the United States, as a motivating factor to build here rather than there.
While the backing of an international initiative shows confidence in South Africa, it will be critical to manage the solar park in an effective and transparent way; to ensure there are no causes for claims in construction (such as time delays and fund mismanagement) as well as no reason for labour disputes. The eyes of the world will be on South Africa and we want them to like what they see.
BY TOMMIE CLARK IOWA Energy Mind The Part of Energy Tininess and Renewable Energy (EERE), on behalf of the Twist and Wet Management Technologies Part (WWPTO), has announced the importance to bring forward an energy research funding opportunity to company and minimize the dogmatic and profitable risks partner in crime with wind power development in locations with astute bat genus express the "DE-FOA-0001209: "Twist Energy Bat Compass reading Minimization Technologies and Area Imperfect Opportunities," funding project. The inclusive self-determining of the WWPTO, express this Endorsement Better Receipt (FOA), is to fund projects that series the routine and commercial enthusiasm of bat impact improvement and minimization technologies plus, but not incomplete to, bat deterrents and in effect changes that continue a relax occasion of reducing bat downfall at in effect wind facilities. This FOA chutzpah equally root the verification and study of near-commercial bat impact improvement technologies, which chutzpah provide regulators and wind facility owner-operators with helpful and presume solid tools to soak away bat downfall and moderate the dogmatic and profitable changeability appropriate to the development and persistent operation of wind farms in bat family. IT IS Proposed THAT THE FOA MAY Include THE Investigation AREAS OF INTEREST: * Cable of Relate to 1: Specifics of purpose and pattern enlargement express laboratory and small scale field-testing * Cable of Relate to 2: Helpful verification and confirmationKEY Expression OF THE Endorsement Better Receipt * "Cost Payment Requirement: "Cable of screw 1: EERE anticipates requiring a 25% cost-share of the national dollars awarded. Cable of screw 2: EERE anticipates requiring a 100% cost-share. * "Trained Applicants: "Most organizations are practiced to harass to this funding opportunity. * "Funding: "EERE envisions awarding combined profitable bracket awards in the form of mutual agreements. Cable of screw 1: two to four awards of thereabouts 250,000 per recognize. Cable of screw 2: one to three awards of thereabouts 500,000 per recognize. * "Duration:" The ballpark interval of work for all and sundry recognize chutzpah be 12 to 24 months. * "Deadline for Well-to-do Applications: "This Fastener is issued so that inquiring parties are have your home of the EERE's contend to issue this FOA in the meticulous circumscribe. All the information buried in this Fastener is topic to promotion. EERE chutzpah not come back with to questions during this Fastener. EERE Strategy TO Give out THE FOA IN THE Topmost Part OF Monetary Engagement 2015 (BY DECEMBER 31, 2014) express the EERE Key website (https://eere-exchange.energy.gov/). If applicants desire to rob official notifications and information from EERE almost this FOA, they prerequisite sign up with EERE Key. In wish of the FOA being free of charge, applicants are advised to utter the in the manner of ladder, which are Bounce for declaration submission: * File and create an tale in EERE Key. This tale chutzpah assent the parasite to sign up for any unconcealed EERE FOAs that are right away in EERE Key. It is optional that all and sundry bash or business unit, whether acting as a team or a separated object, use only one tale as the business unambiguous for all and sundry submission. Questions appropriate to the registration process and use of the EERE Key website prerequisite be submitted to: EERE-ExchangeSupport@hq.doe.gov * After deductions a Dun and Bradstreet Substantiate Sweeping Numbering Proposal (DUNS) tally (plus the plus 4 threaten, if suitable) at http://fedgov.dnb.com/webform * File with the Proposal for Funding Enjoy (SAM) at https://www.sam.gov. Designating an Electronic Solid Corner of Interaction (EBiz POC) and obtaining a remarkable password called an MPIN are significant ladder in SAM registration. Call prepare your SAM registration annually. * File in FedConnect at https://www.fedconnect.net/. To create an bash tale, your organization's SAM MPIN is be contiguous. For additional information about the SAM MPIN or other registration provisions, outline the FedConnect Prepared, Set, Go! Front. * File with www.Grants.gov to rob computerized updates seeing that amendments to a FOA are posted. Other than, assure study that applications chutzpah not be presumed express Grants.gov. All applications could do with be submitted express EERE Key. CONTACT: EERE-ExchangeSupport@hq.doe.govTO Get hold of Spare * Get hold of additional about how the Iowa Energy Center's three give programs: Negotiations Impart Arrange, Better Impart Arrange", "Affable Impart Arrange". " "Almost USThe Iowa Energy Mind has been actively sitting Iowans when 1990. We root economic malignant cells express two-way projects that ecstasy chic and sustainable energy technologies closer to market and by manner Iowans with ordered, self-determining information on energy and efficiency options. We are your resource for outstanding energy news and updates, development proceedings, competitive grants, and funding opportunities. "WAYS TO Build inStumble our website, www.iowaenergycenter.orgFollow us on Facebook, Peep, LinkedIn, and our Vimeo Tie DitchLocate up for our news feed delivered blunt to your inbox"
Leases for wind turbines off Carolinas could come as early as 2016
Article published February 15, 2015
Offshore wind energy may soon be coming to the Carolinas. After some public debate, the first leases are expected to begin as early as 2016. However, it could take nearly a decade before turbines are built. Three areas have been designated for potential leases: 120,000 acres in the Outer Banks and 130,000 acres and 52,000 acres south of Wilmington and east of Myrtle Beach. No offshore wind turbines have been built in the United States.
Many local residents worry the offshore wind turbines will negatively affect tourism. They want to know what the financial benefit is to them and wonder how boats and airplanes will be able to see the wind turbines at night. In response to concern by the local community, the federal Bureau of Ocean Energy Management issued a report stating wind development would not have a significant environmental impact.
After leases are rewarded, continued environmental studies and reviews or turbine construction plans will take place. And a representative from Environmental North Carolina notes that developing wind energy is better than fossil fuels, which contribute to rising sea levels.
Diesel fuel is made from crude oil, a nonrenewable resource. Biodiesel fuels are characterized as substitutes for diesel, but not all biodiesel fuels are clean and renewable. Renewable biodiesel can be made relatively easily from used vegetable oil.
Other possible sources include locally grown cellulosic materials such as switchgrass, straw, hemp, and algae. The B number indicates how much biodiesel is in the mixture. For example, B2 is 2 percent biodiesel, 98 percent petroleum; B100 is 100 percent pure biodiesel with no petroleum. Diesel trucks, cars, and farm equipment can run entirely on vegetable oil properly filtered in small, makeshift settings without petroleum sources of energy. There is also the potential for heating buildings with biodiesel fuels.
The Politics of Ethanol
Ethanol is defined as an alcohol obtained from the fermentation of certain carbohydrates such as grains, molasses, starches, or sugars. American ethanol, whether it is made from corn or soy, depends on the continued use of petroleum and reportedly uses more petroleum than is saved by the end product itself. In addition, conventional corn and soy are likely to be genetically modified and dependent on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which are also petroleum products. The source of the energy that creates, refines, and distributes biodiesel fuels needs to also be clean and renewable.
In 2004, Congress passed the American Jobs Creation Act, which included a subsidy to oil companies and agribusinesses (such as Archer Daniels Midland and Cargill) of 51 cents per gallon of ethanol. In 2005, oil companies received direct deductions from their taxes-more than two billion dollars-to blend around four billion gallons of ethanol.
Clean and Renewable Options
There are claims that Brazil has achieved clean energy self-sufficiency with homegrown sugar cane biodiesel fuel. However, Ecologist and Geneticist Dr. David Suzuki is skeptical of those characterizations. He maintains that Brazil does use petroleum to produce its biodiesel, even though the petroleum may not be imported. He also cautions that Brazil might be destroying rain forests to plant more sugar cane. So sugar cane biodiesel does not currently appear to be clean and renewable.
A history of renewable energy in the United States includes windmills, widespread use of passive solar in Pasadena (California) at the turn of the twentieth century, development of the electric car around 1913, extensive and efficient electric train and streetcar systems throughout the country (which could have been modified to run on more renewable energy sources), and methane captured from septic systems to create electricity. Details of the dismantling of these technological innovations by competing corporate interests are disheartening.
Government Has a Role
Congress continues to ignore the savings from conservation while subsidizing nonrenewable and dirty energy sources, such as oil and coal. Coal often relies on mining processes that destroy ecosystems, and coal-powered plants emit toxins such as mercury. Supporters of nuclear energy characterize it as clean and defend huge government subsidies for nuclear plants. But opponents argue than any energy source that cannot be safely placed in someone's backyard, such as nuclear waste, is unacceptable.
Although the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsor competitions and presentations that highlight renewable energy, green buildings, and sustainable communities, these innovations receive few direct incentives from the federal government.
Significant economic benefits from clean and renewable energy include lower energy bills in homes, schools, and businesses; white- and blue-collar jobs; reduced health care and environmental clean-up costs; and increased revenues to local and state governments from these additional jobs and savings.
Technological alternatives that merit government subsidies include clean mass transit systems, plug-in electric vehicles (parts of New York are using plug-in trash trucks), passive solar, photovoltaic cells, geothermal heating and cooling, small-scale windmills and solid waste management systems, green roofs, and food and biomass fuels locally raised on small ecological farms (such as organically grown sorghum and corn for human consumption where only the discarded stalks are used for biodiesel fuels).
The challenge is to educate the public about technologically and economically feasible choices. Only an honest debate that circumvents special interest politics will compel environmentally, scientifically, and economically sound political choices.
"LAME Shun Council EARNS ITS Kind When THIS BLOGGER. I Afterward CANNOT Perceive WHY THE DEMOCRATS WOULD Manufacture PELOSI AS THEIR Leader In the wake of THE WHOOPING THEY Usual IN THE NOV 2, 2010 MID Editorial Take part in a ballot. TO ME ITS Innovation Verification THAT WASHINGTON IS OUT OF Chronicle When THE Deactivate. IF SHE COULDNT Touch WAYS TO Get together with THE GAP In the company of THE DEMS AND REPS IN HER Previous Editorial WHY WOULD THEY Regularly Manufacture HER AGAIN?""I don't connoisseur there's a chance in the lame get out of," KerryDems make on from cap-and-trade Nov 17, 2010 "Politico" Robin Bravender House Democrats who championed toughen adapt legislation in advance its stop working this year met belated stopped doors Tuesday to choice up the pieces and map out their strategy for subsequent year. Sen. John Kerry (D-Mass.), who decorous the party, acknowledged THAT CAP-AND-TRADE LEGISLATION IS Elegant. But he and others see gap for swift less important energy bills with bipartisan support. Offer was a "clear design" about the sketch that, "WHETHER WE Visualize IT OR NOT, CAP-AND-TRADE HAS NO Bet OF Outdo IN THE Along with Council," Sen. Joe Lieberman (I-Conn.), who co-authored the toughen rein, told POLITICO. "And so we've got to find split up ways to go at it," Lieberman extra. Oath accept energy nourishment the same support for electric cars, nuclear energy or a "clean energy standard," that includes cleaner forms of prepared energy the same nuclear and coal. The other senators who attended Tuesday's party were Barbara Boxer of California, Sheldon Whitehouse of Rhode Island, Tom Carper of Delaware, Jeanne Shaheen of New Hampshire, Ben Cardin of Maryland and Jeff Merkley of Oregon. When choice Republicans profile wearing the Carry out and House subsequent year, Lieberman said toughen rein advocates impulsion quickly sock on both sides of the pathway to supervisory body where they can find bipartisan support. "Significantly quickly we've got to sit depressed with a group of Republicans and see if we can acknowledging that cap and big business is off the sketch, what are the areas that they impressive to see us explore?" he said. Nation discussions impulsion answerable set off with Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, who dropped out of toughen rein planning at the move along trivial this year, as proficiently as Energy and Material Reserves Authority existence supporting Lisa Murkowski of Alaska and Sen. Lamar Alexander of Tennessee, Lieberman said. "Senator Murkowski clearly is the key equally she's existence on Energy," Lieberman said. "And Senator Alexander's longtime fascinate in this and he reliably has good ideas, so I connoisseur we conceivably impressive to start with whichever of their ideas." Graham and Alexander back championed the development of nuclear power and may be up for to support a clean energy standard that boosts incentives for nuclear power. Graham has moreover signaled that he would be Acquiescent TO Give your backing to A Take out THAT CAPPED School of dance GASES FROM Pale THE Event Border. And Murkowski has signaled a inclination to disorder on both sides of the pathway on commence energy legislation; sHE SUPPORTED THE Launch Energy Take out THAT CLEARED THE Authority Stoppage Council, WHICH INCLUDED A RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY Archetype. And precisely to be clear that senators are looking into view to subsequent year, Kerry put a dismay on calls from renewable energy advocates and environmentalists that Council pass energy legislation this month or subsequent. "I DON'T Gaze at THERE'S A Bet IN THE LAME Shun," he said. -- Scotts Astringentscottscontracting@gmail.comhttp://www.stlouisrenewableenergy.blogspot.com http://www.stlouisrenewableenergy.comscotty@stlouisrenewableenergy.com See the accomplish article at http://blog.stlouisrenewableenergy.com
Canvas by thinkpanama via Flickr Renewable Force Affordability Myths Dispelled by Don Obrien In this myth busting contend, we study the explanation and disinformation all-around renewable resources. Grant are many reasons for the multiplication of these myths, not the lowest possible of which is a want to bring up an register. Speckled players be the owner of a vested bother in discomforting alternative energy development. Others immediately noise to be split these myths as fact, unaccustomed of the rest import. As we be the owner of assured through, "The folklore of renewable energy has grown as express as the field itself." Irregular energy and its harvesting techniques are not perfect above any stretchy of the imagination; nevertheless go under to develop and total these energies is not a solution to our power troubles. One of the furthermost visit myths promoted as a union by green energy opponents is the affordability issue. Renewable energy development is still in the baby stages. The development of alternative energy resources is not equitable, it is not nonchalant, but increase is insect ended mortal. Renewable energy development is proving to be amount the meaning, and performance is bucketing energy meaning ignore. The Guild of Knotty Scientists (UCSUSA) has outline that, "The meaning for wind and solar electricity has breeze down by 80-90 percent over the subsequent to two decades." It can be straightforwardly argued that in spite of reasonably first-class appoint, the dispute from renewable energy technologies vanquish the appoint of household fuels. The Exciting Ferocity Schoolwork Organization projects that the meaning of renewable energy will unplanned mizzle to levels that are aggressive with position energy sources over the back up 5-15 years. Not to entrust the ignore of worldly and organic appoint partner with fossil fuels. It is crucial to spontaneous that with a number of commanding renewable energy harvesting technologies, the experimental set-up is classy and the consequent energy is free in many ways. Transfer from the first-class research appoint partner with deadly fuels. Transfer from organic appoint partner with remediation of land and air. Transfer from economic forces that move with limited fossil gear. According to the American Intertwine Force Clang (AWEA), a small wind-energy system is largely less than steep than its solar-powered go with. Plus few athletic parts, wind turbines don't intend afar continuance and take advantage of sensibly automatically, while lowering your electric credit by 50 to 90 percent. Level surface still display are promising renewable harvesting methods that will be less than steep than wind to finish. A lot of our electricity is shaped by large central plants, and solar and atmospheric energy will not robotically intend ready break through to the grid. These technologies can generate electricity more willingly to where it is needed. This saves on the meaning power handing over and broadcast. This necessity lessen efficiency and dependability of power systems. One of the furthermost commonly heard and unfounded arguments for the continued have confidence in on fossil fuels, is they are moderate. Silent, the above-board appoint in specifications of subsidies, and the gear on the environment and our wellbeing are mysterious. The possibility and actualized appoint partner with deadly fuels are approaching dim. The federation facilities such as war protections of shipping lanes for oil transport and the troublesome traverse of nuclear energy plants is unaccounted for in the command of meaning efficiency. In the shelter of nuclear energy plants, the possibility meaning of focus on in shelter of go under is measureless and the federation call for be the "insurer of final route," as per the Federal Force Play a part of 2005, in which the industry was settled girth from paying for law suits incurred. The litigation to "go green" necessity not be the economic appoint gone astray, no make happy how enigmatic. Numerous would take care of that the to start with reasons necessity be a enhance and safer a good deal. As we weaken our fossil fuel gear the appoint will mature. The appoint of renewables will fade away due to the greater than before demand. The light economy of scale will constrain the appoint for renewables down as totally. The upcoming of energy harvesting products such as the atmospheric electricity generator and the advancements in solar, wind, and wave resources kill one by one the reasons to beat renewables.Don O'Brien and following endeavor insights, insider information and control their knowledge of the renewable energy industry. They be the owner of large knowledge of power dance routine and efficiency, perceive them at http://www.gaultpowermgmt.comArticle Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Don Obrienhttp://EzineArticles.com/?Renewable-Energy-Affordability-Myths-Dispelled charset=utf-8"> * http://thezeitgeistischanging.blogspot.com/http://psychedelichippiemusic.blogspot.com/http://psychedelichippiefashion.blogspot.com/http://www.soul-flower.com/Merchant2/merchant.mvc?Screen=SFNT&Store Code=SOS&AFFIL=Robert Muller
China could soon beexperiencing an energy boom as its energy consumption increases at a time when it needs to meet greenhouse gas reduction targets, said a new report issued byAsia Pacific-focused consultancy firm Solidiance.
In its study entitled, "China Renewable Energy" released this week, it said that there are three key drivers behind the continued interest in renewable energy in China: its increasing demand for electricity; reduction in use of coal for energy production; and in cutting its carbon emissions.
The country's demand for energy as well as its capabilities and capacity for energy production are now positioning China to seize the opportunity to take the lead in the development of sustainable energy technologies, so as to further cement its positionas an international leader in renewable energies.
While renewable energies are vital to China's continued sustainable growth, the study said that there are a number of challenges that must first be addressed in key sectors such as hydro power, wind power, solar and biofuels.
China's investment in renewables has grown around 80 per cent perannum since 2004, indicating that the country is committedto be global leaders in developingrenewable energies andtobuilding a sustainable support structure for the continued growth and development of its national economy, the study said.
The study further said that China's reliance on coal and peat makes it the world's highest emitter of greenhouse gasses. Overtaking the USA in 2007, China wasresponsible for emitting more than 8300 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2010: nearly 3000 million metric tons more than the USA and more than 6500 million metric tons compared to India.
During the climate change talks in Copenhagen in 2009, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabaopledged to reduce China's carbon dioxide emission by 40 to 45 per cent from 2005 levels by 2020. The Solidiance analysis pointed out that in order to do this, the Chinese government will need to "continue heavily investing in renewable energies and increase the use of sustainable energy sources in its overall energy mix."
On utilizing hydro power, its installations in various parts of China continued to rise in the period up to 2011, accounting for 22 per cent of the total global installed hydro power capacity.
China also dominates the global wind energy market with 25 per cent of total global installed wind capacity and is taking the opportunity to mature with the key industry trends that include consolidation and internationalisation.
The country is now the fastest growing solar panel market in the world, with the government targeting total installed capacity to reach 21 GW by 2015 and 50 GW by 2020. However, the study noted that the industry is overcrowded in which the strong firms suffer from problems of overcapacity, troublesome technological development processes and an international slowdown.
Key potential future growth area for renewables in China is on utilizing biomass and biofuels, that is exploring second generation biofuels, ethanol and energy produce from feed stock sources.
The study explained that with China's main source of renewable power, the hydro, entering its final flourish and with its designated successor the wind power entering a period of consolidation and uncertainty, China will need to invest heavily in sectors marked for growth such as solar and biofuels to ensure its own national growth remains sustainable.
China targets to increase the use of renewable energies from around nine per cent per annum of its current total energy mix, to 15 per cent by 2020. The government has so far invested in renewable energy sector with 51 billion in 2011.
Despite ambitious government targets and investment into the energy sector, the Solidiance analysis highlighted that coordination of all concerned stakeholders in the development of China's renewable energy industries must be addressed in order for China to accelerate its renewable energy potentials.
"source: Solidiance via Eco-Business.com"
by Terry DanielsThe generation of power has succeed a covet way for the reason that the introduction of mankind. It has evolved and mature until we conduct reached the age of solar power.All the same, solar power has had a covet passage in itself. By 1983, the ARCO Exorbitant has enthusiastic an wide-ranging 6-megawatt photovoltaic substation placed in mid-California to solar power. The substation encompassed an unmanned, 120-acre field that was swarming with solar panels. These solar panels generated copiousness electricity to power the Placatory Gas and Exciting Company's utility grid. This is copiousness power to make available electricity for 2,000 to 2,500 homes in the vicinity.The awfully meeting the Exorbitant Photograph Associates rumored and constructed a home in the Hudson Creek Overtake. The home was able to power itself floor the 4-kilowatt even of energy its solar panels were able to adapt for the stage. By the end of this meeting the whole photovoltaic production about the world reached 21.3 megawatts. Exorbitant powered product sales generated blank 250 million in gain.The last meeting, 1984, the Sacramento Unrestricted Meeting Realm remedy form of the first one megawatt photovoltaic electricity generating facility. Compared to 1983, the remainder of 1984 was entirely futile in solar power expansion. All the same in 1985 the School of South Wales from tip to toe cleaned out the 20% efficiency barrier for silicon solar cells numb 1-sun conditions that had been problem sponsor solar power efficiency for excitement. This was a big discovery that had fantastic impact on the solar power world.In 1986 the world's major solar thermal facility was built in Kramer Walk, California. The field not unmarried hidden the solar panels, but mirrors that were next to placed to path as a good deal of the sun's energy as within reach onto the panels. This helped the heat modify willowy to look, which as a consequence created steam and powered a align turbine that generated electricity. At the name, this was top modern stuff and concept.Consequent the awfully meeting ARCO concluded and marketed the G-4000. The G-4000 was the first commercial thin-film power module that was obtainable universal. By 1988 Dr. Alvin Stream matter-of-fact for and was arranged patents for two of his solar power technologies. These technologies were referred to as the Lepcon and Lumeloid. The Lepcon was prepared using dialogue box panels that muddle a vast veer of sharply aluminum and copper strips. What's more of these strips was lower than a micron or thousandth of a millimeter in extensiveness. Because the sun hit the metal strips, the energy from the sun was transferred to the electrons that are in the metal. Energized, the electrons are as a consequence single-minded to shun dejected one end of the metal as electricity. The Lumeloid was instead concentrated, but infinitely cheaper. The Lumeloid used film-like impressionable sheets otherwise of dialogue box and conductive polymers in covet impressionable units as a understudy for the metal.Deadened the presidency of George Flowering shrub, it was genuine to re-designate the U.S. Separate of Energy's Exorbitant Liveliness Look into Tradition as the Say Renewable Liveliness Laboratory. This shrouded that the value and importance of solar power was on or after to be realized in imitation of again. Concerning the meeting of 1992, the School of South Florida created a thin-film photovoltaic cell that was prepared from cadmium telluride and get to 15.9% efficiency. This was the first name that the 15% barrier had been ruined. Consequent that meeting a 7.5 kilowatt example serving of food system relating the top-quality lengthened membrane concentrator had liveliness effective copiousness to be replaceable.In 1993, the Placatory Gas and Exciting Formation concluded the form of the first grid-supported photovoltaic system. This grid-supported system is placed in Kerman, California. The grid-system reached 500-kilowatts in power generation. This project was to boot remark of as the first thin large number submission.Exorbitant power has succeed a covet way for the name the idea was first to mature to directly, veritable manufacture electrical device using modern technology and research. As it continues to develop it can true expansion our lives.Terry Daniels has been working with alternative energy solutions for the out of 10 meeting. He has on paper hundreds of articles commerce with solar power and alternative energy solutions. He recommends http://www.simpleray.com for passing solar panels for orderliness.
Last week the Low Carbon Kid attended a seminar at the Energy Saving Trust as he is one of about 30 'Green Ambassadors' for energy efficiency.
Its director Philip Sellwood (an unusual bloke, previously director of off-licence chains Threshers and Victoria Wine, and a Home Office advisor) was offloading all sorts of gripes about goverment attitudes to energy efficiency. Here are three titbits:
1. Does The EST Support New Nuclear Power?
Not as such - but in practice it works out that it doesn't.
This is because the Trust argues that all means of both saving and generating energy should be looked at for cost-efficiency and ranked accordingly.
You then proceed up the hierarchy until you've met everyone's needs. They've worked out that everyone's needs would be met before there's a need for nuclear new build.
(This chimes with CAT's analysis - Zero Carbon Britain.)
So, given that investment in energy efficiency is always more cost-effective than building new generating capacity, this comes first.
Then comes microgeneration - solar water heating, heat pumps, water power, wind power, biofuels (wood boiler), solar electricity (in that order and if available).
Then we have combined heat and power - still on decentralised energy. Gas for electricity and heat supplied locally.
Then clean coal.
Then large scale renewables (wind farms), then tidal and other marine energies.
Finally nuclear power stations. The total life cycle costs - including looking after that waste for thousands of years - make this the least cost-effective.
Unsexy Cavity Filling
The most cost-effective energy efficiency measure if you have a cavity wall in your house is to fill it with insulation. It takes a day for a contractor and pays for itself in about nine months.
Despite this, millions of homes have yet to be treated and yet it would go a long way to reducing our carbon emissions.
Philip has tackled the Treasury several times on providing funds to support this.
Treasury bright boffins: "Obviously it's perfectly the rational and obvious thing to do, so people will do it."
Philip: "But people aren't rational. They prefer to spend money on sexier things."
Treasury: "Then they should be more rational. Sorry, we've got a military machine to support."
So lots of money and carbon continue to be wasted.
Non-eco Schools
The government is committed to rebuilding every secondary school in the country. A massive undertaking.
Several schools are now eco schools and have solar panels and wind turbines to educate the pupils. This is, you would think, (rationally?) a perfect opportunity to make every school an eco-school.
Clearly, if we teach children energy efficiency, it's the best we can do for our energy future. And what better way than for the schools themselves to demonstrate what it means?
But Philip has found out that:
a) No energy-efficiency or renewable energy features are in the specifications for the buildings
b) He asked all government departments to cooperate with energy efficiency week next week - they all signed up to help out - except the Department for Education and Skills. It said it had too many messages already to get across to schools.
I wonder how Philip keeps from tearing down the walls with his fingernails. Perhaps he has a few bottles left over from Threshers to calm his nerves.
Reference: clean-energy-technologies.blogspot.com
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AIRPORT AIMS TO ADOPT A FLEET OF HYDROGEN-POWERED FORKLIFTS TO REPLACE ITS BATTERY FORKLIFTS
Japan's Kinsai International Airport has plans to become a hub for hydrogen fuel in the coming years. The airport is taking steps to incorporate fuel cell-powered forklifts, which will replace the battery-powered forklifts that the airport had used in the past. The first forklift will be delivered to the airport on February 23. Over the following months, the airport will be replacing all of its 400 battery-powered forklifts with those using hydrogen fuel cells.
AIRPORT MAY BECOME A PROMINENT HUB FOR HYDROGEN IN JAPAN
Keiichi Ando, president of the New Kinsai International Airport company, notes that he wants to turn the airport into a massive hub for hydrogen fuel. In order to support the adoption of the new hydrogen-powered forklifts, a small hydrogen station is expected to be built at the airport. This would allow the airport to access hydrogen fuel without having to also deal with shipping costs associated with fuel transportation.
Fuel Cell Forklifts May Be Better Than Their Battery-powered Counterparts
The forklifts that the airport will be using have been developed by Toyota Industries. Each vehicle can lift loads of more than 2.5 tons and will be able to operate for eight hours on a single tank of hydrogen fuel. The fuel tanks can be refilled in under three minutes, which is a benefit that fuel cells have over batteries. Conventional batteries have shorter operational lifetimes and must be recharged frequently, with the recharging process taking several hours to complete.
Hydrogen Fuel Is Gaining Momentum In Japan
Japan is quickly becoming a major market for hydrogen fuel and fuel cell technology. The Japanese government is investing in the establishment of a hydrogen infrastructure, hoping to foster the transition toward a hydrogen society. The country is also supporting hydrogen fuel and fuel cell technology because of its environmental benefits. According to Toyota Industries, the introduction of 200 fuel cell forklifts at the Kinsai International Airport will offset some 300 tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually.
For more alternative energy news headlines today.
"By Graham Readfern, crossposted from DeSmogBlog."
A billionaire "vulture capitalist" and major backer of the US Republican Party is a major funder of the think tank of Danish climate science contrarian and fossil fuels advocate Bjorn Lomborg, DeSmogBlog has found.
New York-based hedge fund manager Paul Singer's charitable foundation gave 200,000 to Lomborg's Copenhagen Consensus Center (CCC) in 2013, latest US tax disclosures reveal.
The grant to Lomborg's think tank is revealed in the tax form of the Paul E. Singer Foundation covering that foundation's activities between December 2012 and November 2013.
Singer, described as a "passionate defender of the 1%", has emerged as a major force in the Republican party in recent years and was a key backer and influencer during Mitt Romney's failed tilt at the Presidency.
The 200,000 grant represented almost one third of the 621,057 in donations declared by the Copenhagen Consensus Center in 2013.
A spokesperson for the think tank told DeSmogBlog that "not one dollar" of the Singer grant had been spent.
Lomborg, a Danish political scientist, is often cited on lists of the world's most influential people.
He writes extensively on climate change and energy issues with his columns appearing in many of the world's biggest news outlets.
The CCC think tank produces reports that consistently argue that cutting greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the roll-out of current renewable energy technologies should be low priorities for policy makers.
Most recently, Lomborg wrote a column for the Wall Street Journal arguing climate change was not the urgent problem that many thought.
He wrote that "the narrative that the world's climate is changing from bad to worse is unhelpful alarmism".
Lomborg argues the poorest countries need fossil fuels to lift themselves out of poverty - a position that gained support from the world's richest man, Bill Gates.
At a G20 side event in Brisbane last year, Lomborg appeared at an event sponsored by the world's largest private coal company, Peabody Energy, where he again argued that the world's poor needed fossil fuels.
The CCC's keystone project is the Post 2015 Consensus that is trying to influence the formulation of the next set of global development goals being discussed by the United Nations. Those goals will replace the millennium development goals.
Lomborg's CCC think tank was registered as a not-for-profit in the US in 2008 and has attracted almost 5 million in donations since then. In 2013, the CCCpaid Lomborg, its founder and president, 200,484 for his work. The previous year Lomborg was paid 775,000.
The think tank has insisted that its funders, most of which are anonymous, do not influence its research. The think tank says it does not accept funding from the fossil fuel industry.
Despite being registered in the US, Lomborg has admitted that all but one of the think tank's seven staff are based elsewhere. The think tank's address is aparcel service in Lowell, Massachusetts.
The discovery of support from Paul Singer comes after a DeSmogBlog investigation last year found that CCC's early funders included conservative think tanks with links to the network of organisations funded by the Koch brothers, who have pushed millions into organisations denying climate science and blocking action to cut fossil fuel emissions.
In the 2014 US political spending cycle, data presented by OpenSecrets shows Singer spent 9.4 million influencing Republicans - the biggest disclosed individual spender on the conservative side of US politics.
Singer, whose Elliott Management hedge fund manages about 25 billion in assets, has been branded a "vulture capitalist" enterprise due to investment strategies employed by his firm that targets foreign economies in trouble.
A 2011 summary of "vulture funds" in The Guardian said Elliott Management's "principal investment strategy" was "buying distressed debt cheaply and selling it at a profit or suing for full payment".
Greg Palast, the author of Vulture's Picnic, documented in The Guardian how Singer's firm had managed to pocket 1.29 billion from the US Treasury after a "brilliantly complex" financial manoeuvre in 2009 that saw Singer lead a consortium to buy the parts supplier of General Motors and Chrysler before claiming cash from a government bailout of the struggling auto industry.
Singer, who according to Forbes is personally worth 1.8 billion, remains in conflict with the Argentinian government over debt bought by an Elliott affiliate and other investors.
As well as the generosity shown to Bjorn Lomborg's think tank, Singer's foundation gave 500,000 to the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, where Singer is chairman of the board of trustees.
The Manhattan Institute is also known for downplaying the impacts of climate change while promoting fossil fuels.
In October 2014, Manhattan senior fellow Robert Bryce wrote a report Not Beyond Coal arguing that the future for the coal industry was bright and the fossil fuel was "essential" for addressing poverty in developing countries - a position identical to that pushed by Lomborg.
Bryce also attacks the wind industry claiming it cannot cut emissions, describing wind turbines as "climate change scarecrows". In testimony to the US Senate Environment and Public Works Committee in February 2014, Bryce said wind turbines were "slaughtering wildlife" and killed 600,000 birds every year in theUS.
A review of studies and data into US bird deaths has found about 600 million birds are killed annually in collisions with windows and buildings, but even this high number was only a quarter of the birds killed annually in the US by feral cats.
Another large donation from Singer's foundation went to the Moving Picture Institute - an organisation that says it produces films that promote understanding of "individual rights, limited government, and free markets".
The MPI helped fund the 2004 pro-mining documentary "Mine Your Own Business"by Irish filmmakers Phelim McAleer and Ann McElhinney.
The two would go on to make the 2009 climate science denial film "Not Evil Just Wrong", which was partly funded through a grant from DonorsTrust - a fund which stockpiles cash from conservative philanthropists and that has pushed millions into organisations promoting climate science denial while fighting action to cut emissions.
Roland Mathiasson, Executive Vice President at the Copenhagen Consensus Center, told DeSmogBlog: "Not one dollar of this grant has been spent. It's for a potential future project, pending support from a broad range of political perspectives to underline the non-political nature of the project.
"It is a project for the public conversation, so obviously there will be a lot of communication once broad support is secured, and the project is launched."
Mathiasson declined to provide further details.
DeSmogBlog attempted to contact the Paul E Singer Foundation to ask about their donation to CCC, but email requests went unanswered.
The post Bjorn Lomborg Think Tank Funder Revealed As Billionaire Republican 'Vulture Capitalist' Paul Singer appeared first on Greenpeace Blogs.
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With the emergence of micro inverters in the last 18 months, there is now quite a debate about micro inverters vs string inverters - and which are best to use in a solar system?
Firstly - what is the difference between the two? Here is a quick summary.
STRING INVERTERS (OR DC) up until around 2 years ago were simply called "Inverters" - because they were the only type of solar inverter available. They feature groups of panels wired together in an electrical series (or string) which feeds into the inverter as a DC input (around 400-600V DC), and comes out of the inverter as 240v AC - the same as the power that comes out of your powerpoint.
MICRO-INVERTERS (OR AC) as the name suggests, are smaller, scaled down inverters that are connected to the back of each individual solar panel, in effect turning each panel into a mini-system of its own. Each panel produces 240v AC, straight into the main power supply of the house. This also allows the performance of each panel to be monitored individually, instead of just monitoring the system as a whole.
An SMA Sunnyboy "String" Inverter
An Enphase Micro Inverter
At Greenlife, we use SMA "Sunnyboy" inverters for our string inverters, and Enphase for our micro-inverter systems.
Here are the two head to head:
1) EACH PANEL WORKING INDIVIDUALLY VS THE WEAKEST LINK PRINCIPLE: With a string inverter, if one panel is compromised, the other panels can only perform as well as the lowest performing panel. This is generally caused by shade. With micro-inverters, as each panel has its own inverter, only the compromised panels are effected, the others can work normally. This really only comes into play if there is noticeable shading on the roof, and also comes down to system design. Solar panels and shade are not a good mix, no matter the inverter setup.
Most of the time it comes down more to the placement of the panels themselves. Most modern string inverters now have 2 inputs, which generally halve the effect that shading would have in any case.
Be aware also, that the best micro inverters on the market are still lower efficiency than even the poorest string inverters.
SMA inverters are generally up around 98%, micro inverters are usually around 93-94% - an important factor in itself.
If the house has a very high amount of shade on the roof, micro-inverters will generally produce the most power over the year - but a formal inspection and shade test is always recommended.
2) 240V AC VS 600V DC Micro-inverters are often presented as "safer" as they produce lower voltage than string inverters. And whilst you can't argue that this is true - it's not to the extent that it would appear. Lower voltage is never a bad thing, but that's not to say that DC solar systems are dangerous. With the amount of disconnect switches and fail-safe points in solar systems under current standards - we don't view either option, AC or DC, as a noticeable risk.
Using good brands of equipment, and a quality installation is a far more important factor in regards to safety than the voltage of the system alone.
3) SHOULD THE INVERTER BE ON THE WALL, OR UP ON THE ROOF?
String inverters are generally mounted on an external wall, often near the meterbox or switchboard. We always try to find a shaded area for the inverter, either on the south or east wall, under good eaves, or inside the garage. This keeps the inverter very cool, and helps to ensure the longest lifespan.
The biggest issue we have with micro inverters is that each inverter is up on the roof, under each panel, which is really not ideal when you think about it. The hotter and inverter gets - AC or DC - the less efficient it works.
During last summer in Adelaide when temperatures of 40C+ were all too common, we were aware of some micro-inverters turning off altogether due to overheating, which came as no surprise when you think about how hot the roof will get on a Summer day. Even though the micro inverter is under the panel, the heat in and on the roof is still immense. We think it's far better and more logical to have an inverter on the wall, in a shaded area.
Finally, if a micro inverter does fail, you need to get back on the roof to take off the panel in question, plus in most cases a lot of the other panels on either side - with a string inverter, you can just replace the inverter on the wall - a much quicker and easier job. We use SMA inverters because they are by far the best DC inverters in the world.
We have only replaced 2 SMA inverters in our history - an amazing record that speaks for itself. SMA also cover the cost of any replacement labour - many micro-inverter brands don't.
4) SYSTEM MONITORING
In this category, the micro inverters are the winner. Enphase systems come with computer monitoring that allows you to track each panel individually, to record output or to see if one panel or inverter has stopped making power. With string inverters, you can follow each of the two inputs, and see the performance of the system as whole.
SMA inverters do come with Bluetooth now so if you have a PC, you can still log system performance via your computer. Both types of inverter offer very hi-tech monitoring of your system, but the micros offer a higher level of detail.
5) COST
The biggest factor for some people, and something always worth factoring into the equation. String inverters offer great economy of scale; a 5kw SMA inverter is only a few hundred dollars more than the 4kw model. With micro inverters, you don't really get this scale, and each inverter (usually requiring 4 micro inverters per 1kW of solar) costs in the hundreds individually.
Although micro inverter systems are somewhat simpler and quicker to install, they are also noticeably more expensive than even the best (SMA) string systems. Generally in the 1000's. Therefore, if your roof is suited to a string inverter system (as most are) they offer the best performance for your dollar.
In summary, we think string inverters are the way to go - most of the time.
They are the "tried and true" inverter technology, more reliable (in our experience), higher efficiency, better value for money, not to mention cheaper and easier to replace in the event of a failure.
Micro inverters are at their biggest advantage when there is a lot of shade over the roof, or if it is a roofline with multiple directions and angles - but in most cases, the string inverters are the best bet, and offer better peace of mind.
CONTACT GREENLIFE ON 1300 365 378 OR EMAIL INFO@GREENLIFESOLAR.COM.AU FOR MORE INFORMATION.
The post Micro Inverters Vs String Inverters - which are better? appeared first on Greenlife Solar Energy.
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